Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects around 1 in 10 women of reproductive age, impacting their health and ability to conceive.
In this guide, we’ll explain what PCOS is, how it affects pregnancy, and what steps to take if you’re dealing with PCOS-related fertility challenges.
What is PCOS?
PCOS is a hormonal condition that impacts the ovaries—the reproductive organs responsible for producing and releasing eggs through ovulation.
Women with PCOS often have higher levels of androgens (male hormones), which can disrupt ovulation. Some women with PCOS also develop multiple small cysts on their ovaries, though not all cases of PCOS involve cysts.
The cause of PCOS remains unclear, but genetic and lifestyle factors are believed to play a role. Common symptoms include:
– Irregular or absent periods
– Excess body or facial hair
– Acne or oily skin
– Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
– Thinning hair on the scalp
– Darkened skin around the neck or underarms
PCOS is commonly linked to insulin resistance, a condition that raises the risk of Type 2 diabetes and can contribute to weight gain—both of which may further impact fertility.
How Does PCOS Affect Fertility?
PCOS can influence fertility in several ways:
Irregular Ovulation: Hormonal imbalances may lead to irregular or absent ovulation, making it difficult to predict your fertile window or release a viable egg.
Hormonal Imbalances: Excess androgen levels can impact egg quality and the endometrial lining, making implantation more challenging.
Insulin Resistance and Weight Gain: Insulin resistance can increase androgen levels, which can disrupt ovulation and create a cycle of weight gain and fertility challenges.
Higher Risk of Miscarriage: Women with PCOS may experience a higher risk of miscarriage due to hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance.
Which Specialists Can Help with PCOS and Fertility?
If you’ve been diagnosed with PCOS or are having trouble conceiving, several specialists can offer effective treatments and guidance:
Gynecologist or OB-GYN: Your gynecologist or OB-GYN is often the first stop. They can diagnose PCOS, manage symptoms, and prescribe treatments to help regulate your menstrual cycle.
Reproductive Endocrinologist: If you’re trying to conceive, a reproductive endocrinologist specializes in fertility and hormonal disorders.They can offer tailored treatments for PCOS-related infertility, such as ovulation-inducing medications (like Clomid or letrozole), injectable hormones, or assistive reproductive technologies (ART), including IVF.
Endocrinologist: Since PCOS is often linked to insulin resistance, an endocrinologist can help manage insulin levels, potentially prescribing medications like metformin to improve insulin sensitivity, which may help regulate cycles.
Nutritionist or Dietitian: Healthy lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet, can make a big difference for women with PCOS. A registered dietitian specializing in PCOS can create a personalized eating plan to manage weight, insulin resistance, and hormone levels, supporting fertility.
Mental Health Professional: PCOS can be stressful, especially when it impacts fertility. A mental health professional can help you navigate stress, anxiety, or depression, offering support during the conception journey.
How is PCOS Treated to Improve Fertility?
PCOS treatment varies but often includes:
Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly can improve insulin sensitivity and hormone balance. Even a modest weight loss (5-10% of body weight) can improve ovulation rates.
Ovulation-Inducing Medication: Medications like clomiphene citrate or letrozole stimulate ovulation, increasing conception chances. If these aren’t effective, injectable hormones or ART options like IVF may be considered.
Hormone Therapy: Birth control pills can help regulate cycles and manage acne or excess hair. Though birth control doesn’t directly improve fertility, it can stabilize hormones, supporting overall management.
Metformin: Frequently prescribed for insulin resistance, metformin may also help regulate cycles in women with PCOS.
Taking the Next Steps
If you’re struggling with PCOS and trying to conceive, remember that there are options and specialists ready to support you.
Start by consulting a trusted gynecologist or reproductive endocrinologist to develop a personalized treatment plan. Lifestyle changes, medications, and other therapies can significantly improve PCOS symptoms and your chances of conceiving.
While conception with PCOS can be challenging, with the right support and medical guidance, many women go on to have successful pregnancies.